Hindi Blood Group - Biology & Physiology Hindi mein
Blood Group:
BIOLOGY EXPLANATION
yahan par
blood group ke in questions ka answer milega:
1. blood
group kya hota hai.
2. ABO blood
group kya hota hai.
3. Rh system
blood group kya hota hai.
4. donor aur
recepient kaun hotein hain.
5. cross
matching kya hota hai.
6. blood
group ke kya hazards hain ya khatre hain.
blood group
ki Bioology samajne ke liye
pehle hamein
antigen aur antibody ko
samajna
hoga.
- Agglutinogens antigen Hote Hain Jo RBC Ke surface par ya RBC par present
Hote Hain, agglutinogens
ka dusra Naam hota hai antigens.
- Agglutinins Jo hote hain vah antibodies hote hain yeh plasma Mein
ya blood ke serum ya
plasma mein hote hai.
- RBC blood grouping ke hisab se Agar Ham isko classify karen to major
blood group system:
ABO system hai, aur RH system
minor blood grouping system jo hai vah MNS and P system Manay Jaate
Hai
Family blood group system jo hai woh KELL, DUFFY, lutheran, Bombay, KIDD
system hai.
Landsteiner's law:
a. Carl landsteiner ne 1900 Mein state kiya tha, Jiske mutabik Agar surface
koi bhi antigen present Hai
To uske Against wala antibodies plasma Mein Nahin Paya jaega.
b. lekin Agar antigen RBC ke surface per Nahin Hai to uska
corresponding antibody plasma Mein
present hoga. (corresponding antibody ka matlab hai agar Anti A
antibody hai to woh Antigen ke against
attack kar sakti hai, isi tarah anti B reaction karegi B antigen ke
against ).
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blood
group - antigens surface; antibodies serum |
|
B blood
group antigen aur antibodies |
|
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|
O blood
group antigen aur antibodies |
|
Rh ya D
antigen blood group antigen aur antibodies |
-antigens A or B foetal life mein sixth week mein Paye Jaate Hain aur
puberty ke bad hi
Inka level badhta rahata Hai.
- Antibodies Lekin Paida hone per Nahin
Milte lagbhag Paida hone ke 10 se 15 din ke bad Milte Hain aur
10 Sal Tak inki ki Matra badh Jaati hain, yeh Isliye hota hai
Kyunki antigen ke structure ki tarah aur
bhi bacteria aur kahane ki cheeze hain.
- Intestine Mein bacteria yah khana pahuchta hai Jo naya Paida Hua baccha
khata
hai, uske against antibodies produced hone lag Jaate Hain.
- Aur fir Dhire Dhire Karke Jab vah khane ki chijen khoon mein absorb
hoke aati hain unke against
vah antibodies banti hai aur unki Matra badhati rahti hai yeh
Ek Tarah ka immune response hai.
R h blood group system bhi landsteiner Ne diya tha aur Weiner Ne 1940 mein
discover
kiya tha Rhesus monkey Mein, isliye Rh antigens kahan jata hai.
iske teen Prakar ke antigens hote hain C,D aur E. D antigen sabse zyada
Milta Hai
aur Iske reaction Kafi Ghatak ho sakte hain.
Rh system landsteiner's law ko follow nahin karta hai Agar RH antigen
D antigen RBC Mein
Nahin Hai To plasma mein bhi iski Matra Nahin Hogi ya nahin milegi.
iske antibodies IgG type ki hoti hai and Inki khasiyat yah hai ki yah
placenta ko cross kar
sakti hain. Aur Uterus mein Bade Hote Hue bacche ko attack kar sakti
hain inhen
warm antibodies kahan jata hai. Vahin per ABO type mein jo antibodies
hoti hain
unhein cold antibodies Kaha jata hai aur vah IgM type ki hoti
hai. Lekin placenta ko cross
ya arpaar nahin kar sakti jiski wahjah se ye badte hue bacche par koi
damage nahin kar sakti.
Agar Kisi Ko galat blood transfusion Ho Jaaye to uski vajah se kya kya ho
sakta hai:
Kisi condition mein agar father Rh positive ho aur mother Rh negative
aur pahle pregnancy mein baccha
RH positive Ho Jaaye tab uss pregnancy mein koi problem Nahin Dikhati
mother ka khoon ke antibodies
Foetus ko attack nahin karta kunki mother ne abhi tak antibodies abhi
tak nahin banaye hain
lekin delivery ke Waqt ho sakta hai ki thoda Khoon bacche Ka Maa ke
Khoon ke sath mix Ho Jaaye uss
mix hone ke vajah se. mother Apne Khoon Mein anti Rh antibodies
Banane lag Jaati Hai
fir dusri pregnancy mein Jab foetus develop ho raha
hai Uterus mein.
yah Jo RH antibodies hai maa ke plasma ke andar vah plasma ko cross kar
sakti hai. Cross karte hi
bacche ke plasma ke andar enter Kar Jaati Hain aur vahan per Har RBC
par attack karne lag jaati hai
aur ise Kahate Hain RH incompatibility reaction.
isliye 1 pregnancy ke bad ki pregnancy mein Dikhta
Hai erythroblastosis Fetalis.
Jab anti Rh antibodies bacche ke plasma ke andar RBC ko attack karne
lag Jaati Hai tab bacche mein
bahut Jyada anemia Milta Hai, aur RBC Unki Matra kam Ho Jaati Hai.
Icterus gravis neonatorum: jab RBC Jyada destroy hone ki vajah se
hemoglobin RBC se release ho jata
hai Jo Dheere Dheere Karke bilirubin ka level badhta rahata hai
Jiski vajah se bacchon mein jaundice
mil sakta hai.
Kernicterus:
Agar hemoglobin ki matra Bacche Mein 18 milligram per dl Se Jyada badh
Jaaye to uss condition Mein
biliruin blood brain barrier navjaat Shishu Mein cross kar sakti
hain, aur central nervous system Mein
basal ganglia mein ghus jati hai. iiska karan Hai Kyunki Chhote
bacchon mein blood brain barrier
pura develop Nahin Hua Hota aur bade bacchon mei devleop ya pura ban
jata hai aur ek cover ki tarah
nervous system ko alag kerke rakhta hai.
Hydrops Fetalis:
hydrops Fetalis iss condition Mein Yahi Rh antibodies RBC ko destroy
karte hue Dheere Dheere Karke
bacche ko edema Badha deti hai ya paani ki matra bada deti
hain. aur bacche mein Kafi swelling Najar
aati hai isliye hydrops Fetalis Kaha jata hai.
iss incompatibility ya bimari ko rookne ke liye Jaise hi pahle delivery Ho
Jaati Hai tab Maa ko ek
dose RH antibody ya anti D antibodies di jati hai Iske wajah se
maa mein antibodies Nahin banpayengi
jo Rh positive RBC ke against hongi. sath mein bacche ko bachane ke
liye jald se jald RH positive blood
bacche mein se nikal liya jata hai aur Rh negative blood jaldi se
jaldi Diya Jata Hai ise
exchange transfusion Kahate Hain.
Blood transfusion:
- Jab bahut hi Jaruri Ho Jaise blood loss Kisi accident surgery se,
pregnancy mein agar Khoon Jyada
bah Jaaye, Kisi Prakar ki poisoning Ho.
- Donor woh hota hai jo khoon dega aur recipient vah hota hai jisse Khoon
Milega.
-Universal Donor O negative ko Kahate Hain Universal recipient AB+ hai
jo Khoon Le sakte hain.
-donor kaun ho sakta hai: donor woh hota hai jo healthy Ho, jaruri
hai Umar 18 - 60 Sal honi chahie.
-Agar pregnancy Ho lactation ho un ladies se khoon nahin liya.
- Bimari jaise hepatitis, Malaria, syphilis, AIDS
patients se Khoon Ne liya Jata Sathi kyonki yeh
bimariyan blood se transfer ho sakti hain doosre
patients ko.
- hemoglobin RBC PCV count a sari normal honi chahie.
major cross matching:
Jab donor Ke RBC aur recipient ke plasma ko test kiya jaaye usee
major cross matching Kahate Hain.
minor cross matching:
Jab donon Ke plasma ko recipient ke RBC Se Match Kiya Jaaye isee
minor cross matching kehte hain.
precautions blood donation ke liye:
- Yad Rahe RH positive blood ko kabhi bhi RH negative recipient Ko Nahin
Dena chahie.
- Blood transfusion dete Hue Raftaar bhi slow ya dheemi honi
chahie.
- Sare aseptic precautions Lena jaruri hai taki koi infection needle
injection ke site par na hoo
- 10 se 15 minut Jarur recepient ko oserve Karen Agar patient
ko koi reaction dikhe too turant transfusion
ko band kardena chahiye.
- Agar antigen aur antibody Chipak Jaaye to use agglutination Kaha
Jata Hai Iske wajah se
Chhati Mein Dard pet Mein Dard ho sakta hai.
- RBC Ka tutna haemolysis Kaha jata hai aur uski vajah se hemoglobin ki
Matra badh Jaati Hai.
- Hemoglobin urine Mein Bhi Jyada nikalne lag jata hai, jaundice
dikhata ha bilirubin badhne ki wajah se.
- Kidney failure ho jata hai Kyunki kidney ki blood supply Band Ho
Jaati Hai RBC agglutination ke
vajah se.
- Agar Khoon jaldi se Diya gaya hai aur Thande temperature Ka Diya
Gaya hai phir badan ka temperature
kam ho sakta hai.
- Allergy reaction ho sakti hai, hypocalcemia bhi mil sakta hai.
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