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diabetes insipitus hindi

February 25, 2020
Diabetes insipidus:

diabetes insipidus Ek Aisi Bimari hai jismein pituitary gland ke Piche wale lobe ya posterior lobe se antidiuretic hormone jiska dusra naam vasopressin hai, ka nikalna kam ho jata hai.
 ismein patient ko jyada Pyas Lagti Hai Jisko polydipsia Kaha jata hai, aur bahut jyada urine yah peshab Nikalti Hai jisse polyuria Kaha jata hai.

types:
 yah do Prakar ke Hote Hain 
  1. Central diabetes insipidus.
  2. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

-Central diabetes insipidus pituitary tumor, infection surgery ke vajah se ho sakta hai.
-Central diabetes insipidus Mein cells Jo vasopressin yah ADH produce Karte Hain vah khatm hone lag Jaate Hain, Ya Kam Ho Jaate Hain Jiski vajah Se ADH(VASOPRESSIN)  Kam Banta hai.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
-davaiyon ke vajah, se Sickle Cell anaemia ke vajah se ho sakta hai.
-kidney and nephron vasopressin ke action Ko Nahin samajh pata.
- yahan ADH sahi matra mein banta hai lekin woh nephron par sahi kaam nahin karpata, jiski wajah se bimari banjari hai.


Pathophysiology:

  • vasopressin ka kam hai urine mein se Pani ko absorb karna. Agar ham diuresis ko samjhen to diuresis pani ka loss ya pani ke bahane ko kaha Jata Hai urine ki aur se ya kidney mein se.

  • to antidiuretic hormone ya vasopressin is chij Ko rokta Hai  urine mein se water ko absorb karke. 
  • Ab ADH NA baanne ki wajah se kidney mein se water reabsorb nahin ho payega aur urine mein se bahut sara water ka loss hoga jise diuresis kehte hain.


sign aur symptoms:
  • ismein patient ka bahut jyada urine  niklega. Jise Polyuria Kaha jata hai, Din Mein 5 se 15 ya 20 litre Tak urine nikal sakta hai.
  •  polydipsia yah bahut jyada Pyas Lagna jismein patient ko  Thanda Pani Peene Ka man bahut karta hai.
  •  Kyunki Yahan per Itna urine pass ho raha hai,  Pani Nikal Raha Hai Iski vajah se patient ko dehydration ho jata hai. Jaise  koi diarrhoea mein bhi Milta Hai, to patient ki body mein pani ki matra kam ho jayegi. 
  • Dehydration ki wajah se  skin dry hojayegi, mucus membrane bhi dry hojayegi.
  •  sath mein aapko kamjori thakawat yah weakness, lethargy pateint mein milega.


Test :

urine ka Agar test Karenge to usmein specific gravity kam Milegi 1.005 se bhi  kam.